Aplicación de sellantes de fibrina (Tissucol(R) frente a Tachosil(R)) para la prevención del seroma tras linfadenectomía axilar en cirugía del cáncer de mama. Estudio prospectivo y aleatorizado / Application of fibrin sealants (Tissucol(R) versus Tachosil(R)) for seroma prevention after axillary lymphadenectomy in breast cancer surgery. A prospective randomised study

Introducción: Los objetivos del estudio fueron valorar la utilidad de sellantes de fibrina para evitar seromas postoperatorios tras linfadenectomía axilar y comparar la incidencia de seroma axilar en 3 grupos de estudio (Tachosil(R), Tissucol(R) y control). Así mismo analizar posibles factores relacionados con la aparición del seroma. Métodos: Entre los años 2012 y 2015 se realizó un estudio prospectivo y aleatorizado en nuestro centro. Se incluyeron 110 pacientes consecutivas operadas de cáncer de mama que requirieron linfadenectomía axilar. Las pacientes fueron aleatorizadas en 3 grupos: Tachosil(R) (38 pacientes), Tissucol(R) (35) y control (37). Las variables estudio fueron: edad, peso, talla e índice de masa corporal, estadificación TNM del tumor, tipo histológico e inmunohistoquímico, número de ganglios extirpados, afectos, y uso de quimioterapia neoadyuvante. Las variables resultado fueron: débito obtenido por el drenaje desde el día 1 postoperatorio hasta la retirada del mismo, volumen total del drenaje axilar, aparición de seroma que precisara punción evacuación, volumen del seroma postoperatorio drenado y número de punciones evacuadoras hasta su resolución clínica. Resultados: No existieron diferencias significativas en el porcentaje de seromas, volumen y número de punciones evacuadoras necesarias para su resolución, ni tampoco respecto al débito a través del drenaje antes de su retirada entre los grupos de estudio. Los valores pronósticos para desarrollar seroma fueron: edad >56 años y débito al 6.° día posquirúrgico >70ml. Conclusiones: No se evidenciaron ventajas al aplicar sellantes de fibrina en relación con el volumen seroso drenado y con la formación de seroma axilar posquirúrgico

Introduction: The objectives of our study were to evaluate the usefulness of fibrin sealants in preventing the appearance of seromas after axillary lymphadenectomy and to compare the incidence of axillary seroma in three groups (Tachosil(R), Tissucol(R) and control). We also analysed the possible factors related to the development of seroma. Methods: Between 2012 and 2015, we carried out a prospective, randomised study at our centre including 110 consecutive patients undergoing breast cancer surgery who required axillary lymphadenectomy. Patients were randomised into 3 groups: Tachosil(R) (38 patients), Tissucol(R) (35) and control (37). Study variables consisted of age, weight, height and body mass index (BMI), tumour-node-metastases (TNM) stage, histological and immunohistochemical type, application of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and the number of excised and metastasised lymph nodes. Outcome variables consisted of daily output from postoperative day 1 to the withdrawal of drainage, the total volume of axillary drainage, the appearance of postoperative seromas requiring puncture evacuation, the volume of the postoperative seroma drained and the number of seroma puncture evacuations required until clinical resolution. Results: There were no significant differences in the percentage of seromas, volume, number of puncture evacuations needed for resolution of the seroma or total flow through the drainage tubes prior to withdrawal in the 3 study groups. Prognostic values for the development of axillary seroma were age >56 years and a drained volume >70ml by the 6th postoperative day. Conclusions: We did not identify any advantages in applying fibrin sealants in relation to the serous volume drained or the incidence of postoperative axillary seroma

The influence of advanced age on the morbi-mortality of gastric cancer after curative surgery.

INTRODUCTION: gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in Spain after lung, colorectal, breast and prostate tumours. Surgery remains the only potentially curative treatment in localized gastric cancer. OBJECTIVE: the aim of our study is to evaluate and compare the clinical and surgical aspects, development of postoperative complications and outcomes of patients over 75 years old compared with younger patients in our centre. MATERIAL AND METHODS: comparative retrospective study, from March 2003 to June 2011. We diagnosed 166 cases of GC, 109 (65 %) underwent curative surgery. Two groups were settled: group M: < or = 75 years (41 patients) and group m: < 75 years (68 patients). We analyzed age, sex, comorbidities, tumour location, clinical stage, perioperative chemotherapy, surgical technique, postoperative complications, recurrence and mortality from cancer. RESULTS: a more frequent presence of cardiovascular comorbidities and a greater postoperative mortality by medical causes were the only significant differences between both groups. Also, a lower proportion of patients in group M received preoperative chemotherapy and underwent D1 lymphadenectomy. However, the rate of local and systemic recurrence and overall survival were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: age should not be considered a contraindication for curative surgery on GC. The general condition and comorbidities are more important to contraindicate surgical treatment.

Influencia de la edad avanzada en la morbimortalidad del cáncer gástrico tras la cirugía con intención curativa / The influence of advanced age on the morbi-mortality of gastric cancer after curative surgery

Introducción: el cáncer gástrico (CG) es la cuarta causa de muerte en ambos sexos por cáncer en España tras los tumores de pulmón, colorrectal, mama y próstata. La cirugía continúa siendo el único tratamiento potencialmente curativo en el cáncer gástrico localizado. Objetivo: evaluar y comparar los aspectos clínicos, quirúrgicos, el desarrollo de complicaciones postoperatorias y la evolución de los pacientes mayores de 75 años comparados con los pacientes menores de 75 años intervenidos en nuestro centro. Material y métodos: estudio comparativo retrospectivo desde marzo de 2003 a junio de 2011. Se diagnosticaron 166 casos de CG, de ellos, 109 (65 %) fueron intervenidos con intención curativa, estableciéndose dos grupos: grupo M: ≥ 75 años (41 pacientes) y grupo m: < 75 años (68 pacientes). Se analizaron edad, sexo, comorbilidades, localización tumoral, estadio clínico, administración de quimioterapia perioperatoria, técnica quirúrgica, complicaciones postoperatorias, recidiva y mortalidad por la neoplasia. Resultados: como diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos de edad fueron una mayor presencia de comorbilidades cardiovasculares en el grupo M, así como mayor mortalidad postoperatoria por causa médica. Asimismo, una menor proporción de pacientes del grupo M recibieron quimioterapia preoperatoria y se les realizó linfadenectomía D1. Sin embargo, la tasa de recidivas, local y sistémica, y la supervivencia global fueron similares en ambos grupos. Conclusiones: la edad no debe ser considerada como contraindicación para realizar cirugía curativa del CG, sino que debe ser el estado general y las comorbilidades las que sienten la contraindicación quirúrgica (AU)

Introduction: gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in Spain after lung, colorectal, breast and prostate tumours. Surgery remains the only potentially curative treatment in localized gastric cancer. Objective: the aim of our study is to evaluate and compare the clinical and surgical aspects, development of postoperative complications and outcomes of patients over 75 years old compared with younger patients in our centre. Material and methods: comparative retrospective study, from March 2003 to June 2011. We diagnosed 166 cases of GC, 109 (65 %) underwent curative surgery. Two groups were settled: group M: ≥ 75 years (41 patients) and group m: < 75 years (68 patients). We analyzed age, sex, comorbidities, tumour location, clinical stage, perioperative chemotherapy, surgical technique, postoperative complications, recurrence and mortality from cancer. Results: a more frequent presence of cardiovascular comorbidities and a greater postoperative mortality by medical causes were the only significant differences between both groups. Also, a lower proportion of patients in group M received preoperative chemo - therapy and underwent D1 lymphadenectomy. However, the rate of local and systemic recurrence and overall survival were similar in both groups. Conclusions: age should not be considered a contraindication for curative surgery on GC. The general condition and comorbidities are more important to contraindicate surgical treatment (AU)

Cáncer de mama y embarazo. Análisis de una serie de 27 pacientes / Breast cancer and pregnancy. Analysis of a series of 27 patients

Objetivo: Realizar un análisis descriptivo de la serie de pacientes con cáncer de mama (CM) y embarazo diagnosticadas en nuestro centro en relación con los métodos terapéuticos empleados y supervivencia global de la serie. Pacientes y métodos: Entre 1982 y 2009, de 5.906 pacientes diagnosticadas de CM, se trató a 27 pacientes con CM y embarazo (0,46%). Analizamos las características clínicas y anatomopatológicas, el diagnóstico, los tratamientos y la evolución de estas pacientes en nuestro centro. Resultados: La edad media al diagnóstico fue de 35 años. Durante la gestación se diagnosticó a 21 pacientes y en el posparto, a 6. El retraso medio diagnóstico desde el inicio de los síntomas fue de 4 meses. Respecto al perfil inmunohistoquímico determinado en 19 pacientes, 5 (26%) eran receptor 2 de factor de crecimiento epidérmico humano (HER2) positivo; otros 5 (26%), triple negativo; 3, luminal A, y en las 6 restantes, luminal B. Al diagnóstico, se clasificó a 5, 9, 11 y 2 pacientes en estadio I, II, III y IV, respectivamente. Histológicamente, 21 (78%) eran carcinomas ductales infiltrantes; 11 (41%), de alto grado histológico, y 4 casos (15%) presentaron características de carcinoma tipo inflamatorio al diagnóstico. Se pautó quimioterapia neoadyuvante en 16 pacientes (59%), sin que se detectaran complicaciones fetales. Se operó a todas las pacientes, y se realizó mastectomía radical modificada en 24 (89%), así como cirugía conservadora en 3. Con un tiempo medio de seguimiento de 60 meses, la supervivencia global fue del 70%. Cuatro pacientes (15%) presentaron recaída local y 13 (48%), recaída sistémica. Conclusiones: El carcinoma de mama durante el embarazo se asocia con un retraso diagnóstico, estadios avanzados y grados histológicos altos. El tratamiento quirúrgico conlleva un alto porcentaje de mastectomías radicales. La quimioterapia no produjo efectos adversos en el feto tras el primer trimestre de gestación. El pronóstico de CM durante el embarazo es similar al de las pacientes no gestantes de la misma edad y estadio tumoral (AU)

Objective: To perform a descriptive analysis of patients with breast cancer (BC) and pregnancy diagnosed in our centre, as regards the therapeutic methods used and the overall survival of the series. Patients and methods: Between 1982-2009, 5906 patients were diagnosed with BC, of whom 27 (0.46%) were treated for pregnancy-associated BC. We analysed the characteristics, diagnosis, treatments and outcome of these patients in our centre. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 35 years. Twenty-one patients were diagnosed during pregnancy and six of them in the post-partum period. The mean diagnostic delay from the onset of symptoms was four months. In the immunohistochemical profile performed in 19 patients, 5 (26%) were HER2, 5 (26%) were triple-negative, luminal A in three patients, and luminal B in the other 6 cases. At diagnosis, 5, 9, 11 and 2 patients were classified into stages I, II, III and IV, respectively. Histologically, 21 (78%) were infiltrating ductal carcinomas, 11 (41%) were high grade carcinomas and 4 (15%) were inflammatory carcinomas at diagnosis. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was prescribed in 16 patients (59%), with no foetal complications detected. All patients underwent surgery; 24 (89%) had modified radical mastectomy while three had conservative surgery. The mean follow-up time was 60 months, in which the overall survival was 70%. Four patients (15%) had local recurrence and 13 (48%) had systemic recurrence. Conclusions: Breast carcinoma during pregnancy is associated with diagnostic delay, advanced stages and high histological grades. Surgical treatment involves a high percentage of radical mastectomies. Chemotherapy did not produce adverse effects in the foetus after the first trimester. The prognosis for BC during pregnancy is similar to that of non-pregnant patients of the same age and tumour stage(AU)